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First Measurement of the Electron-Neutrino Charged-Current Pion Production Cross Section on Carbon with the T2K Near Detector

K. Abe61, S. Abe61, R. Akutsu16, H. Alarakia-Charles34, Y. I. Alj Hakim55, S. Alonso Monsalve9, L. Anthony21, S. Aoki32, K. A. Apte21 et al. (T2K Collaboration)

K. A. Apte21, T. Arai60, T. Arihara64, S. Arimoto33, Y. Ashida70, E. T. Atkin21, N. Babu38, V. Baranov39, G. J. Barker71, G. Barr47, D. Barrow47, P. Bates37, L. Bathe-Peters47, M. Batkiewicz-Kwasniak15, N. Baudis47, V. Berardi22, L. Berns70, S. Bhattacharjee38, A. Blanchet11, A. Blondel58,12, P. M. M. Boistier5, S. Bolognesi5, S. Bordoni12, S. B. Boyd71, C. Bronner73, A. Bubak56, M. Buizza Avanzini36, J. A. Caballero54, F. Cadoux12, N. F. Calabria22, S. Cao20, S. Cap12, D. Carabadjac36,*, S. L. Cartwright55, M. P. Casado18,†, M. G. Catanesi22, J. Chakrani35, A. Chalumeau58, D. Cherdack17, A. Chvirova26, J. Coleman37, G. Collazuol24, F. Cormier66, A. A. L. Craplet21, A. Cudd6, D. D’ago24, C. Dalmazzone58, T. Daret5, P. Dasgupta8, C. Davis48, Yu. I. Davydov39, P. de Perio29, G. De Rosa23, T. Dealtry34, C. Densham44, A. Dergacheva26, R. Dharmapal Banerjee72, F. Di Lodovico31, G. Diaz Lopez58, S. Dolan11, D. Douqa12, T. A. Doyle43, O. Drapier36, K. E. Duffy47, J. Dumarchez58, P. Dunne21, K. Dygnarowicz69, A. Eguchi60, J. Elias50, S. Emery-Schrenk5, G. Erofeev26, A. Ershova36, G. Eurin5, D. Fedorova26, S. Fedotov26, M. Feltre24, L. Feng33, D. Ferlewicz60, A. J. Finch34, M. D. Fitton44, C. Forza24, M. Friend16,‡, Y. Fujii16,‡, Y. Fukuda41, Y. Furui64, J. García-Marcos14, A. C. Germer48, L. Giannessi12, C. Giganti58, M. Girgus68, V. Glagolev39, M. Gonin28, R. González Jiménez54, J. González Rosa54, E. A. G. Goodman13, K. Gorshanov26, P. Govindaraj68, M. Grassi24, M. Guigue58, F. Y. Guo43, D. R. Hadley71, S. Han33,62, D. A. Harris74, R. J. Harris34,44, T. Hasegawa16,‡, C. M. Hasnip11, S. Hassani5, N. C. Hastings16, Y. Hayato61,29, I. Heitkamp70, D. Henaff5, Y. Hino16, J. Holeczek56, A. Holin44, T. Holvey47, N. T. Hong Van27, T. Honjo46, M. C. F. Hooft14, K. Hosokawa61, J. Hu33, A. K. Ichikawa70, K. Ieki61, M. Ikeda61, T. Ishida16,‡, M. Ishitsuka65, H. Ito32, S. Ito73, A. Izmaylov26, N. Jachowicz14, S. J. Jenkins37, C. Jesús-Valls11, M. Jia43, J. J. Jiang43, J. Y. Ji43, T. P. Jones34, P. Jonsson21, S. Joshi5, M. Kabirnezhad21, A. C. Kaboth51, H. Kakuno64, J. Kameda61, S. Karpova12, V. S. Kasturi12, Y. Kataoka61, T. Katori31, A. Kawabata30, Y. Kawamura46, M. Kawaue33, E. Kearns2,§, M. Khabibullin26, A. Khotjantsev26, T. Kikawa33, S. King31, V. Kiseeva39, J. Kisiel56, A. Klustová21, L. Kneale55, H. Kobayashi60, L. Koch19, S. Kodama60, M. Kolupanova26, A. Konaka66, L. L. Kormos34, Y. Koshio45,§, K. Kowalik42, Y. Kudenko26,∥, Y. Kudo73, A. Kumar Jha14, R. Kurjata69, V. Kurochka26, T. Kutter38, L. Labarga1, M. Lachat50, K. Lachner9, J. Lagoda42, S. M. Lakshmi56, M. Lamers James71, A. Langella23, D. H. Langridge51, J.-F. Laporte5, D. Last50, N. Latham31, M. Laveder24, L. Lavitola23, M. Lawe34, D. Leon Silverio59, S. Levorato24, S. V. Lewis31, B. Li9, C. Lin21, R. P. Litchfield13, S. L. Liu43, W. Li47, A. Longhin24, A. Lopez Moreno31, L. Ludovici25, X. Lu71, T. Lux18, L. N. Machado13, L. Magaletti22, K. Mahn40, K. K. Mahtani43, S. Manly50, A. D. Marino6, D. G. R. Martin21, D. A. Martinez Caicedo59, L. Martinez18, M. Martini58,¶, T. Matsubara16, R. Matsumoto63, V. Matveev26, C. Mauger48, K. Mavrokoridis37, N. McCauley37, K. S. McFarland50, C. McGrew43, J. McKean21, A. Mefodiev26, G. D. Megias54, L. Mellet40, C. Metelko37, M. Mezzetto24, S. Miki61, V. Mikola13, E. W. Miller18, A. Minamino73, O. Mineev26, S. Mine61,4, J. Mirabito2, M. Miura61,§, S. Moriyama61,§, S. Moriyama73, P. Morrison13, Th. A. Mueller36, D. Munford17, A. Muñoz36,28, L. Munteanu11, Y. Nagai8, T. Nakadaira16,‡, K. Nakagiri60, M. Nakahata61,29, Y. Nakajima60, K. D. Nakamura70, A. Nakano70, Y. Nakano67, S. Nakayama61,29, T. Nakaya33,29, K. Nakayoshi16,‡, C. E. R. Naseby21, D. T. Nguyen10, V. Q. Nguyen36, K. Niewczas14, S. Nishimori16, Y. Nishimura30, Y. Noguchi61, T. Nosek42, F. Nova44, J. C. Nugent21, H. M. O’Keeffe34, L. O’Sullivan19, R. Okazaki30, W. Okinaga60, K. Okumura62,29, T. Okusawa46, N. Onda33, N. Ospina22, L. Osu36, N. Otani33, Y. Oyama16,‡, V. Paolone49, J. Pasternak21, D. Payne37, M. Pfaff21, L. Pickering44, B. Popov58,**, A. J. Portocarrero Yrey16, M. Posiadala-Zezula68, Y. S. Prabhu68, H. Prasad72, F. Pupilli24, B. Quilain28,36, P. T. Quyen20,††, E. Radicioni22, B. Radics74, M. A. Ramirez48, R. Ramsden31, P. N. Ratoff34, M. Reh6, G. Reina19, C. Riccio43, D. W. Riley13, E. Rondio42, S. Roth52, N. Roy74, A. Rubbia9, L. Russo58, A. Rychter69, W. Saenz58, K. Sakashita16,‡, S. Samani12, F. Sánchez12, E. M. Sandford37, Y. Sato65, T. Schefke38, K. Scholberg7,§, M. Scott21, Y. Seiya46,‡‡, T. Sekiguchi16,‡, H. Sekiya61,29,§, T. Sekiya64, D. Seppala40, D. Sgalaberna9, A. Shaikhiev26, M. Shiozawa61,29, Y. Shiraishi45, A. Shvartsman26, N. Skrobova26, K. Skwarczynski51, D. Smyczek52, M. Smy4, J. T. Sobczyk72, H. Sobel4,29, F. J. P. Soler13, A. J. Speers34, R. Spina22, A. Srivastava19, P. Stowell55, Y. Stroke26, I. A. Suslov39, A. Suzuki32, S. Y. Suzuki16,‡, M. Tada16,‡, S. Tairafune70, A. Takeda61, Y. Takeuchi32,29, K. Takeya45, H. K. Tanaka61,§, H. Tanigawa16, V. V. Tereshchenko39, N. Thamm52, C. Touramanis37, N. Tran33, T. Tsukamoto16,‡, M. Tzanov38, Y. Uchida21, M. Vagins29,4, S. Valder71, M. Varghese18, I. Vasilyev39, G. Vasseur5, E. Villa11,12, U. Virginet58, T. Vladisavljevic44, T. Wachala15, S.-i. Wada32, D. Wakabayashi70, H. T. Wallace55, J. G. Walsh40, D. Wark44,47, M. O. Wascko47,44, A. Weber19, R. Wendell33, M. J. Wilking53, C. Wilkinson35, J. R. Wilson31, K. Wood35, C. Wret21, J. Xia57, K. Yamamoto46,‡‡, T. Yamamoto46, C. Yanagisawa43,§§, Y. Yang47, T. Yano61, N. Yershov26, U. Yevarouskaya43, M. Yokoyama60,§, Y. Yoshimoto60, N. Yoshimura33, R. Zaki74, A. Zalewska15, J. Zalipska42, G. Zarnecki15, J. Zhang66,3, X. Y. Zhao9, H. Zheng43, H. Zhong32, T. Zhu21, M. Ziembicki69, E. D. Zimmerman6, M. Zito58, and S. Zsoldos31 (T2K Collaboration)

  • 1Department of Theoretical Physics, University Autonoma Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
  • 2Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
  • 3Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
  • 4Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
  • 5IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
  • 6Department of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
  • 7Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
  • 8Department of Atomic Physics, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
  • 9ETH Zurich, Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Zurich, Switzerland
  • 10VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
  • 11CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research, CH-1211 Genéve 23, Switzerland
  • 12Section de Physique, University of Geneva, DPNC, Geneva, Switzerland
  • 13School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
  • 14Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
  • 15H. Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Cracow, Poland
  • 16High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
  • 17Department of Physics, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
  • 18Institut de Fisica d’Altes Energies (IFAE) - The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, Bellaterra (Barcelona) Spain
  • 19Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Staudingerweg 7, 55128 Mainz, Germany
  • 20Institute For Interdisciplinary Research in Science and Education (IFIRSE), ICISE, Quy Nhon, Vietnam
  • 21Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
  • 22Dipartimento Interuniversitario di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Bari and Università e Politecnico di Bari, Bari, Italy
  • 23Dipartimento di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Napoli and Università di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
  • 24Dipartimento di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Padova and Università di Padova, Padova, Italy
  • 25INFN Sezione di Roma and Università di Roma “La Sapienza”, Roma, Italy
  • 26Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
  • 27International Centre of Physics, Institute of Physics (IOP), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 10 Dao Tan, Ba Dinh, Hanoi, Vietnam
  • 28ILANCE, CNRS—University of Tokyo International Research Laboratory, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
  • 29Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
  • 30Department of Physics, Keio University, Kanagawa, Japan
  • 31King’s College London, Department of Physics, Strand, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
  • 32Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
  • 33Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
  • 34Physics Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
  • 35Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
  • 36Ecole Polytechnique, IN2P3-CNRS, Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Palaiseau, France
  • 37Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
  • 38Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
  • 39Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
  • 40Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
  • 41Department of Physics, Miyagi University of Education, Sendai, Japan
  • 42National Centre for Nuclear Research, Warsaw, Poland
  • 43Department of Physics and Astronomy, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York, USA
  • 44STFC, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, and Daresbury Laboratory, Warrington, United Kingdom
  • 45Department of Physics, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
  • 46Department of Physics, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
  • 47Department of Physics, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
  • 48Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
  • 49Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
  • 50Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
  • 51Department of Physics, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey, United Kingdom
  • 52III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
  • 53School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
  • 54Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, Universidad de Sevilla, 41080 Sevilla, Spain
  • 55School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
  • 56Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
  • 57SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Menlo Park, California, USA
  • 58Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Sorbonne Université, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
  • 59South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, 501 East Saint Joseph Street, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA
  • 60Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
  • 61Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kamioka Observatory, Kamioka, Japan
  • 62Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, Research Center for Cosmic Neutrinos, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
  • 63Department of Physics, Institute of Science Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
  • 64Department of Physics, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
  • 65Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
  • 66TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
  • 67Department of Physics, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
  • 68Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
  • 69Institute of Radioelectronics and Multimedia Technology, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
  • 70Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
  • 71Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
  • 72Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Wroclaw University, Wroclaw, Poland
  • 73Department of Physics, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan
  • 74Department of Physics and Astronomy, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

  • *Also at Université Paris-Saclay.
  • †Also at Departament de Fisica de la Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
  • ‡Also at J-PARC, Tokai, Japan.
  • §Affiliated member at Kavli IPMU (WPI), the University of Tokyo, Japan.
  • ∥Also at Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT), Moscow region, Russia and National Research Nuclear University “MEPhI,” Moscow, Russia.
  • Also at IPSA-DRII, France.
  • **Also at JINR, Dubna, Russia.
  • ††Also at the Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology.
  • ‡‡Also at Nambu Yoichiro Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics (NITEP).
  • §§Also at BMCC/CUNY, Science Department, New York, New York, USA.
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Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 151802 – Published 8 October, 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/klhv-7t6h

Abstract

The T2K Collaboration presents the first measurement of electron neutrino-induced charged-current pion production on a predominantly carbon target in a restricted kinematical phase space. This is performed using data from the 2.5° off-axis near detector, ND280. The differential cross sections with respect to the outgoing electron and pion kinematics, in addition to the total flux-integrated cross section, are obtained. Comparisons between the measured and predicted cross-section results using the neut, genie, and nuwro Monte Carlo event generators are presented. The measured total flux-integrated cross section is [2.52±0.52(stat)±0.30(syst)]×10−39  cm2 nucleon−1, which is lower than the event generator predictions.

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Outline

Information

Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 151802– Published 8 October, 2025
  • Received 19 May 2025
  • Revised 10 August 2025
  • Accepted 3 September 2025
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