Open Access

Low-momentum direct-photon measurement in Cu + Cu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{N N}} = 200 GeV$

A. Adare¹², S. Afanasiev³⁰, C. Aidala^13,45, N. N. Ajitanand^64,*, Y. Akiba^58,59,†, H. Al-Bataineh⁵², J. Alexander⁶⁴, M. Alfred²³, K. Aoki^32,35,58 et al. (PHENIX Collaboration)

K. Aoki^32,35,58, L. Aphecetche⁶⁶, R. Armendariz⁵², S. H. Aronson⁶, J. Asai⁵⁹, E. T. Atomssa³⁶, R. Averbeck⁶⁵, T. C. Awes⁵⁴, B. Azmoun⁶, V. Babintsev²⁴, A. Bagoly¹⁷, G. Baksay¹⁹, L. Baksay¹⁹, A. Baldisseri¹⁵, K. N. Barish⁷, P. D. Barnes^39,*, B. Bassalleck⁵¹, S. Bathe^4,7,59, S. Batsouli⁵⁴, V. Baublis⁵⁷, A. Bazilevsky⁶, S. Belikov^6,*, R. Belmont¹², R. Bennett⁶⁵, A. Berdnikov⁶¹, Y. Berdnikov⁶¹, A. A. Bickley¹², M. Boer³⁹, J. G. Boissevain³⁹, J. S. Bok⁵², H. Borel¹⁵, K. Boyle^59,65, M. L. Brooks³⁹, J. Bryslawskyj⁷, H. Buesching⁶, V. Bumazhnov²⁴, G. Bunce^6,59, S. Butsyk^39,65, S. Campbell^13,65, V. Canoa Roman⁶⁵, B. S. Chang⁷⁴, J.-L. Charvet¹⁵, S. Chernichenko²⁴, C. Y. Chi¹³, J. Chiba³², M. Chiu^6,25, I. J. Choi^25,74, T. Chujo^69,70, P. Chung⁶⁴, A. Churyn²⁴, V. Cianciolo⁵⁴, C. R. Cleven²¹, B. A. Cole¹³, M. P. Comets⁵⁵, M. Connors^21,59, P. Constantin³⁹, M. Csanád¹⁷, T. Csörgő^18,73, T. Dahms⁶⁵, T. W. Danley⁵³, K. Das²⁰, G. David^6,65, M. B. Deaton¹, K. Dehmelt^19,65, H. Delagrange^66,*, A. Denisov²⁴, D. d'Enterria¹³, A. Deshpande^59,65, E. J. Desmond⁶, O. Dietzsch⁶², A. Dion⁶⁵, J. H. Do⁷⁴, M. Donadelli⁶², O. Drapier³⁶, A. Drees⁶⁵, A. K. Dubey⁷², J. M. Durham³⁹, A. Durum²⁴, V. Dzhordzhadze⁷, Y. V. Efremenko⁵⁴, J. Egdemir⁶⁵, F. Ellinghaus¹², W. S. Emam⁷, A. Enokizono^38,58,60, H. En'yo^58,59, S. Esumi⁶⁹, K. O. Eyser^6,7, W. Fan⁶⁵, N. Feege⁶⁵, D. E. Fields^51,59, M. Finger^8,30, M. Finger, Jr.^8,30, F. Fleuret³⁶, S. L. Fokin³⁴, Z. Fraenkel^72,*, J. E. Frantz^53,65, A. Franz⁶, A. D. Frawley²⁰, K. Fujiwara⁵⁸, Y. Fukao^35,58, T. Fusayasu⁴⁸, S. Gadrat⁴⁰, P. Gallus¹⁴, P. Garg^3,65, I. Garishvili^38,67, H. Ge⁶⁵, A. Glenn^12,38, H. Gong⁶⁵, M. Gonin³⁶, J. Gosset¹⁵, Y. Goto^58,59, R. Granier de Cassagnac³⁶, N. Grau^2,28, S. V. Greene⁷⁰, M. Grosse Perdekamp^25,59, T. Gunji¹¹, H.-Å. Gustafsson^41,*, T. Hachiya^22,49,59, A. Hadj Henni⁶⁶, C. Haegemann⁵¹, J. S. Haggerty⁶, H. Hamagaki¹¹, R. Han⁵⁶, H. Harada²², E. P. Hartouni³⁸, K. Haruna²², S. Hasegawa²⁹, T. O. S. Haseler²¹, E. Haslum⁴¹, R. Hayano¹¹, X. He²¹, M. Heffner³⁸, T. K. Hemmick⁶⁵, T. Hester⁷, H. Hiejima²⁵, J. C. Hill²⁸, K. Hill¹², R. Hobbs⁵¹, A. Hodges²¹, M. Hohlmann¹⁹, W. Holzmann⁶⁴, K. Homma²², B. Hong³³, T. Horaguchi^58,68, D. Hornback⁶⁷, T. Hoshino²², N. Hotvedt²⁸, J. Huang⁶, T. Ichihara^58,59, H. Iinuma^35,58, K. Imai^29,35,58, M. Inaba⁶⁹, Y. Inoue^58,60, D. Isenhower¹, L. Isenhower¹, M. Ishihara⁵⁸, T. Isobe¹¹, M. Issah⁶⁴, A. Isupov³⁰, D. Ivanishchev⁵⁷, B. V. Jacak⁶⁵, Z. Ji⁶⁵, J. Jia^6,13,64, J. Jin¹³, O. Jinnouchi⁵⁹, B. M. Johnson^6,21, K. S. Joo⁴⁷, D. Jouan⁵⁵, F. Kajihara¹¹, S. Kametani^11,71, N. Kamihara⁵⁸, J. Kamin⁶⁵, M. Kaneta⁵⁹, J. H. Kang⁷⁴, H. Kanou^58,68, D. Kawall^44,59, A. V. Kazantsev³⁴, V. Khachatryan⁶⁵, A. Khanzadeev⁵⁷, J. Kikuchi⁷¹, D. H. Kim⁴⁷, D. J. Kim^31,74, E. Kim⁶³, E.-J. Kim⁹, M. Kim⁶³, D. Kincses¹⁷, E. Kinney¹², Á. Kiss¹⁷, E. Kistenev⁶, A. Kiyomichi⁵⁸, J. Klay³⁸, C. Klein-Boesing⁴⁶, L. Kochenda⁵⁷, V. Kochetkov²⁴, B. Komkov⁵⁷, M. Konno⁶⁹, D. Kotchetkov^7,53, D. Kotov^57,61, A. Kozlov⁷², A. Král¹⁴, A. Kravitz¹³, J. Kubart^8,27, G. J. Kunde³⁹, B. Kurgyis¹⁷, N. Kurihara¹¹, K. Kurita^58,60, M. J. Kweon³³, Y. Kwon^67,74, G. S. Kyle⁵², R. Lacey⁶⁴, Y. S. Lai¹³, J. G. Lajoie²⁸, A. Lebedev²⁸, D. M. Lee³⁹, M. K. Lee⁷⁴, S. H. Lee²⁸, T. Lee⁶³, M. J. Leitch³⁹, M. A. L. Leite⁶², B. Lenzi⁶², Y. H. Leung⁶⁵, N. A. Lewis⁴⁵, X. Li¹⁰, X. Li³⁹, S. H. Lim^39,74, T. Liška¹⁴, A. Litvinenko³⁰, M. X. Liu³⁹, S. Lökös¹⁷, B. Love⁷⁰, D. Lynch⁶, C. F. Maguire⁷⁰, T. Majoros¹⁶, Y. I. Makdisi⁵, A. Malakhov³⁰, M. D. Malik⁵¹, V. I. Manko³⁴, Y. Mao^56,58, L. Mašek^8,27, H. Masui⁶⁹, F. Matathias¹³, M. McCumber^39,65, P. L. McGaughey³⁹, D. McGlinchey^12,39, Y. Miake⁶⁹, A. C. Mignerey⁴³, D. E. Mihalik⁶⁵, P. Mikeš^8,27, K. Miki⁶⁹, T. E. Miller⁷⁰, A. Milov^65,72, S. Mioduszewski⁶, M. Mishra³, J. T. Mitchell⁶, M. Mitrovski⁶⁴, G. Mitsuka^32,59, T. Moon⁷⁴, A. Morreale⁷, D. P. Morrison⁶, S. I. Morrow⁷⁰, T. V. Moukhanova³⁴, D. Mukhopadhyay⁷⁰, J. Murata^58,60, S. Nagamiya^32,58, K. Nagashima²², Y. Nagata⁶⁹, J. L. Nagle¹², M. Naglis⁷², I. Nakagawa^58,59, Y. Nakamiya²², T. Nakamura²², K. Nakano^58,68, J. Newby³⁸, M. Nguyen⁶⁵, B. E. Norman³⁹, R. Nouicer^6,59, T. Novák¹⁸, N. Novitzky⁶⁵, A. S. Nyanin³⁴, E. O'Brien⁶, S. X. Oda¹¹, C. A. Ogilvie²⁸, H. Ohnishi⁵⁸, M. Oka⁶⁹, K. Okada⁵⁹, O. O. Omiwade¹, J. D. Orjuela Koop¹², J. D. Osborn⁴⁵, A. Oskarsson⁴¹, M. Ouchida²², K. Ozawa^11,32,69, R. Pak⁶, D. Pal⁷⁰, A. P. T. Palounek³⁹, V. Pantuev^26,65, V. Papavassiliou⁵², J. Park⁶³, S. Park^58,63,65, W. J. Park³³, S. F. Pate⁵², M. Patel²⁸, H. Pei²⁸, J.-C. Peng²⁵, W. Peng⁷⁰, H. Pereira¹⁵, D. V. Perepelitsa¹², V. Peresedov³⁰, D. Yu. Peressounko³⁴, C. E. PerezLara⁶⁵, C. Pinkenburg⁶, M. L. Purschke⁶, A. K. Purwar³⁹, H. Qu²¹, P. V. Radzevich⁶¹, J. Rak^31,51, A. Rakotozafindrabe³⁶, I. Ravinovich⁷², K. F. Read^54,67, S. Rembeczki¹⁹, M. Reuter⁶⁵, K. Reygers⁴⁶, V. Riabov^50,57, Y. Riabov^57,61, D. Richford⁴, T. Rinn²⁸, G. Roche^40,*, A. Romana^36,*, M. Rosati²⁸, S. S. E. Rosendahl⁴¹, P. Rosnet⁴⁰, Z. Rowan⁴, P. Rukoyatkin³⁰, J. Runchey²⁸, V. L. Rykov⁵⁸, B. Sahlmueller^46,65, N. Saito^32,35,58,59, T. Sakaguchi⁶, S. Sakai⁶⁹, H. Sakata²², H. Sako²⁹, V. Samsonov^50,57, M. Sarsour²¹, S. Sato^29,32, S. Sawada³², B. K. Schmoll⁶⁷, J. Seele¹², R. Seidl^25,58,59, V. Semenov²⁴, R. Seto⁷, D. Sharma^65,72, I. Shein²⁴, A. Shevel^57,64, T.-A. Shibata^58,68, K. Shigaki²², M. Shimomura^28,49,69, K. Shoji^35,58, A. Sickles^25,65, C. L. Silva^39,62, D. Silvermyr^41,54, C. Silvestre¹⁵, K. S. Sim³³, C. P. Singh³, V. Singh³, M. J. Skoby⁴⁵, S. Skutnik²⁸, M. Slunečka^8,30, A. Soldatov²⁴, R. A. Soltz³⁸, W. E. Sondheim³⁹, S. P. Sorensen⁶⁷, I. V. Sourikova⁶, F. Staley¹⁵, P. W. Stankus⁵⁴, E. Stenlund⁴¹, M. Stepanov^52,*, A. Ster⁷³, S. P. Stoll⁶, T. Sugitate²², C. Suire⁵⁵, Z. Sun¹⁶, J. Sziklai⁷³, T. Tabaru⁵⁹, S. Takagi⁶⁹, E. M. Takagui⁶², A. Taketani^58,59, Y. Tanaka⁴⁸, K. Tanida^29,58,59,63, M. J. Tannenbaum⁶, A. Taranenko^50,64, P. Tarján¹⁶, T. L. Thomas⁵¹, R. Tieulent⁴², M. Togawa^35,58, A. Toia⁶⁵, J. Tojo⁵⁸, L. Tomášek²⁷, H. Torii⁵⁸, R. S. Towell¹, V.-N. Tram³⁶, I. Tserruya⁷², Y. Tsuchimoto²², Y. Ueda²², B. Ujvari¹⁶, C. Vale²⁸, H. Valle⁷⁰, H. W. van Hecke³⁹, J. Velkovska⁷⁰, R. Vértesi^16,73, A. A. Vinogradov³⁴, M. Virius¹⁴, V. Vrba^14,27, E. Vznuzdaev⁵⁷, M. Wagner^35,58, D. Walker⁶⁵, X. R. Wang^52,59, D. Watanabe²², Y. Watanabe^58,59, F. Wei^28,52, J. Wessels⁴⁶, S. N. White⁶, D. Winter¹³, C. P. Wong²¹, C. L. Woody⁶, M. Wysocki^12,54, W. Xie⁵⁹, C. Xu⁵², Q. Xu⁷⁰, Y. L. Yamaguchi^59,65,71, A. Yanovich²⁴, Z. Yasin⁷, J. Ying²¹, S. Yokkaichi^58,59, J. H. Yoo³³, G. R. Young⁵⁴, I. Younus^37,51, H. Yu⁵², I. E. Yushmanov³⁴, W. A. Zajc¹³, O. Zaudtke⁴⁶, C. Zhang⁵⁴, S. Zharko⁶¹, S. Zhou¹⁰, J. Zimamyi^73,*, L. Zolin³⁰, and L. Zou⁷ (PHENIX Collaboration)

¹Abilene Christian University, Abilene, Texas 79699, USA
²Department of Physics, Augustana University, Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57197, USA
³Department of Physics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
⁴Baruch College, City University of New York, New York, New York, 10010 USA
⁵Collider-Accelerator Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
⁶Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
⁷University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
⁸Charles University, Ovocný trh 5, Praha 1, 116 36, Prague, Czech Republic
⁹Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 561-756, Korea
¹⁰Science and Technology on Nuclear Data Laboratory, China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing 102413, People's Republic of China
¹¹Center for Nuclear Study, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
¹²University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
¹³Columbia University, New York, New York 10027 and Nevis Laboratories, Irvington, New York 10533, USA
¹⁴Czech Technical University, Zikova 4, 166 36 Prague 6, Czech Republic
¹⁵Dapnia, CEA Saclay, F-91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
¹⁶Debrecen University, H-4010 Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Hungary
¹⁷ELTE, Eötvös Loránd University, H-1117 Budapest, Pázmány P. s. 1/A, Hungary
¹⁸Eszterházy Károly University, Károly Róbert Campus, H-3200 Gyöngyös, Mátrai út 36, Hungary
¹⁹Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, Florida 32901, USA
²⁰Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
²¹Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA
²²Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
²³Department of Physics and Astronomy, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA
²⁴IHEP Protvino, State Research Center of Russian Federation, Institute for High Energy Physics, Protvino, 142281, Russia
²⁵University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
²⁶Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, prospekt 60-letiya Oktyabrya 7a, Moscow 117312, Russia
²⁷Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Na Slovance 2, 182 21 Prague 8, Czech Republic
²⁸Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
²⁹Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 2-4 Shirakata Shirane, Tokai-mura, Naka-gun, Ibaraki-ken 319-1195, Japan
³⁰Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
³¹Helsinki Institute of Physics and University of Jyväskylä, P.O.Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
³²KEK, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
³³Korea University, Seoul, 136-701, Korea
³⁴National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, Moscow, 123098 Russia
³⁵Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
³⁶Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS-IN2P3, Route de Saclay, F-91128, Palaiseau, France
³⁷Physics Department, Lahore University of Management Sciences, Lahore 54792, Pakistan
³⁸Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
³⁹Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
⁴⁰LPC, Université Blaise Pascal, CNRS-IN2P3, Clermont-Fd, 63177 Aubiere Cedex, France
⁴¹Department of Physics, Lund University, Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
⁴²IPNL, CNRS/IN2P3, Univ Lyon, UniversitÃ© Lyon 1, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
⁴³University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
⁴⁴Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003-9337, USA
⁴⁵Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, USA
⁴⁶Institut für Kernphysik, University of Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
⁴⁷Myongji University, Yongin, Kyonggido 449-728, Korea
⁴⁸Nagasaki Institute of Applied Science, Nagasaki-shi, Nagasaki 851-0193, Japan
⁴⁹Nara Women's University, Kita-uoya Nishi-machi Nara 630-8506, Japan
⁵⁰National Research Nuclear University, MEPhI, Moscow Engineering Physics Institute, Moscow, 115409, Russia
⁵¹University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
⁵²New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, USA
⁵³Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
⁵⁴Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
⁵⁵IPN-Orsay, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, BP1, F-91406, Orsay, France
⁵⁶Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
⁵⁷PNPI, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina, Leningrad region, 188300, Russia
⁵⁸RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
⁵⁹RIKEN BNL Research Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
⁶⁰Physics Department, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1 Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
⁶¹Saint Petersburg State Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, 195251 Russia
⁶²Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física, Caixa Postal 66318, São Paulo CEP05315-970, Brazil
⁶³Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
⁶⁴Chemistry Department, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, USA
⁶⁵Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
⁶⁶SUBATECH (Ecole des Mines de Nantes, CNRS-IN2P3, Université de Nantes) BP 20722-44307, Nantes, France
⁶⁷University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
⁶⁸Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Oh-okayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
⁶⁹Tomonaga Center for the History of the Universe, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan
⁷⁰Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA
⁷¹Waseda University, Advanced Research Institute for Science and Engineering, 17 Kikui-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-0044, Japan
⁷²Weizmann Institute, Rehovot 76100, Israel
⁷³Institute for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences (Wigner RCP, RMKI) H-1525 Budapest 114, POBox 49, Budapest, Hungary
⁷⁴Yonsei University, IPAP, Seoul 120-749, Korea

^*Deceased.
^†akiba@rcf.rhic.bnl.gov

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Phys. Rev. C 98, 054902 – Published 15 November, 2018

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.98.054902

Abstract

We measured direct photons for $p_{T} < 5 GeV / c$ in minimum bias and 0%–40% most-central events at midrapidity for $Cu + Cu$ collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_{N N}}} = 200 GeV$ . The $e^{+} e^{-}$ contribution from quasireal direct virtual photons has been determined as an excess over the known hadronic contributions in the $e^{+} e^{-}$ mass distribution. A clear enhancement of photons over the binary scaled $p + p$ fit is observed for $p_{T} < 4 GeV / c$ in $Cu + Cu$ data. The $p_{T}$ spectra are consistent with the $Au + Au$ data covering a similar number of participants. The inverse slopes of the exponential fits to the excess after subtraction of the $p + p$ baseline are $285 \pm 53 (stat) \pm 57 (syst) MeV / c$ and $333 \pm 72 (stat) \pm 45 (syst) MeV / c$ for minimum bias and 0%–40% most-central events, respectively. The rapidity density, $d N / d y$ , of photons demonstrates the same power law as a function of $d N_{ch} / d η$ observed in $Au + Au$ at the same collision energy.

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

Article Text

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Phys. Rev. C 98, 054902– Published 15 November, 2018

Vol. 98, Iss. 5 — November 2018

Received 13 May 2018

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.98.054902

Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI. Funded by SCOAP³.

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Physical Review C

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Low-momentum direct-photon measurement in Cu + Cu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{N N}} = 200 GeV$

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Low-momentum direct-photon measurement in Cu + Cu collisions at sNN=200GeV

Abstract

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

Article Text

References (26)

Low-momentum direct-photon measurement in Cu + Cu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{N N}} = 200 GeV$