Abstract
Regarding the stability of two-fluid star models, we rigorously prove the equivalence between the emergence of a zero-frequency radial oscillation mode and the static critical-curve criterion for mixed stars, after briefly reviewing the hybrid star case. This establishes a sufficient-condition relation between two independently developed stability criteria. Although this connection has often been implicitly assumed in previous studies of mixed stars, it has rarely been demonstrated explicitly. Our derivation can be extended to general multi-fluid systems. As an illustrative example, we consider dark matter-admixed neutron star models and show that their stability boundary differs from that of single-fluid stars. In this case, stable configurations form a surface in the three-dimensional parameter space spanned by central pressure, mass, and radius, giving rise to a class of stable mixed stars. This class includes “twin stars” with identical masses and radii but distinct internal compositions and structures. These results provide a useful framework for interpreting compact star observations and for constraining dark matter properties through astrophysical measurements.
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