Saint Louis University

SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE

IACD-MOOC EVALUATION TEMPLATE

Name: Esguerra, Christian Earl L. Date: November 8, 2021

Class code & schedule: 4032 MT 1:30 – 6:00

GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS

1. Use this template to complete the five assignments below.

2. Feel free to adjust the boxes where you write answers.
3. Follow basic academic writing conventions.
4. Before submission, change the file name of this document. Label it with your
Surname-Given Name-IACD MOOC Evaluation
5. For OBL students, submit the assignment in the Google Classroom. Submit also your IACD
MOOC completion certificate, which you will receive right after finishing unit 18.
6. For CBL students, submit both evaluation template and completion certificate in your CBL
Google Classroom.

1. UNIT 2 ASSIGNMENT- WRITING A SHORT CULTURAL GUIDE FOR INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS

Draft a short cultural guide for a group of international students who are planning to visit
your country for a month. Include some information related to the following words below.
Please answer with up to 1000 – 1500 words, not characters (correction to the instruction
given in the MOOC assignment).
Rubric foci: Clarity of information,
Presentation and organization
Writing conventions (references included)
Geography, history, climate
Economy and business
Political structure
Language
Religious beliefs
Ethnic groups
Gender equality
Negotiations
Communication with co-workers
System of education
Style of communication – greetings, gestures, formality
Gift giving
Entertaining, food, going out with friends
Business etiquette
Leadership and management style

Page 1 of 15
Write your answer here

Visiting a different country for the first time can be exciting and intimidating at
the same time. It is understandable since you are going to a foreign place you have
never went to and into a place with different culture and lifestyle other than what you
are accustomed to in your everyday life. However, fear not since this guide can help
you in your journey to the Philippines.

1. Language

One of the most important things when going to a foreign place is communication,
and language is the most common type of communication that is used by human
being. But not all places in the world uses the same type of language for
communication. If you are going to visit the Philippines most people in this age can
speak English which is considered as one of the universal languages however not all
can speak it, so it is advisable to learn the basic phrases of the national language of the
Filipinos which is the Filipino language.

These basic phrases can help you communicate a lot easier with the locals than
when using English when conversing with them. Learning the basic way to introduce
yourself in Filipino can help you in starting a conversation with the locals. Another simple
phrase such as “kamusta” which means hello or “kamusta po” which also means hello
but in a more polite manner. Generally, Filipino’s add the word “po” and “opo” in their
sentence when they are conversing with people that are older than them. This is to
show sign of respect to the person in you are talking with. Learning how to say
“Salamat” or “Salamat po” which means thank you is another important phrase you
need when venturing into the Philippines. These basic phrases can help you out when
trying to start a conversation with a local however you also need to learn how to ask for
directions or places, especially hotels and restaurants. This will also make it easier for you
when you are trying to get to a certain location.

2. Food

Food is something that you needed in order to survive, and when going to a
foreign place learning the culture of that place can also be done when trying to
learn the local dishes of that place. This is also a must in order to avoid disrespecting
the culture of the place you are going to visit. Here in the Philippines, there are local
dishes that are not commonly found in other country.
An example is a “Pinapaitan” or “Papaitan” which comes from the root word
“Pait” which means bitter. This local dish a delicacy in the Philippines however there
is one distinct ingredient in this dish that can deter foreigners from trying it, and that
ingredient is poop or to be more specific the bitter juice extracted from the liver and
extracted from the gallbladder to aid digestion. Note that this dish does not use
actual feces as its ingredient and no parts in the big intestine are going to be used
which contain most of the waste of a mammal. Another unusual dish is
“Dinardaraan” or “Dinuguan” which comes from the root word “Dara” or “Dugo”
which means blood and this dish also uses another ingredient that is unusual which is
pig’s blood as its main ingredient.
 Learning the local food is a very important factor when you are visiting the
Philippines because if you are trying to order some local food without any
knowledge at all, you can end up complaining and disrespecting the restaurant or
waiter by serving you with a dish that contains unusual ingredient that you are not
accustomed to seeing in a dish.

Image of “Dinuguan” by [Link] Image of “Papaitan” by [Link]

3. Tradition

In the Philippines, there are a lot of different traditions and it might differ in every
region and shallowly researching these traditions may lead into misconceptions
about the people that live there. For example, in Cordillera or the Mountain
Province to be more specific, there is an old tradition of the tribes in these regions
which is called headhunting which literally means hunting your head and displaying
your skull as a sign of dominance. This is mostly banned and gone now in this day
and age with people become more civilized. This can now lead to misconceptions
like the people of Mountain Province are a dangerous group of people which is not
true, it is a fact that this tradition exists in the past but in this present day it is gone
and the people are civilized just like any other person living in the Philippines.

Philippines is a place that is filled with traditions and most Filipino’s are religious
individual. And If you don’t believe in their religion it is best not to incite or insult their
belief as it might get you into trouble. It is advisable that if your belief differs from
their belief, it is best to respect them and keep quiet not inviting unnecessary trouble
and hate to yourself especially since you are a visitor to the area.

Image of the “Feast of the Black Nazarene” by [Link]

 4. Tourist Spots

The Philippines is located at near the equator which makes its climate a perfect
vacation spots for tourists. It boasts many tourist spots and each tourist spot
comes with different culture which makes it more enjoyable.

A very good example of a tourist spot that a visitor may go is the Puerto
Princesa Subterranean River National Park in Palawan. It is a park that features a
spectacular limestone karst landscape with an underground river and one of the
river's selling point is that it emerges directly into the sea, and it is one of the 7
wonders of the world. Another example is the Banaue Rice Terraces in Ifugao.
Here you can see the glory of how the people of Banaue transform an entire
mountain into rice fields. It is a place that is full of history and culture. Baguio City
also known as the Summer Capital of the Philippines is also one of the best
destinations in the Philippines. Its climate is slightly colder than most places in the
Philippines and you can enjoy the forestry in the area, one other name for
Baguio City is the City of Pines because of the abundance of pine trees in the
area. Also in Baguio City, you will be able to see one of the greatest landmark in
the Philippines which is the Lions Head.

Among these tourist spots also boast different culture and it can be seen
in their food and in their clothing. One of the best ways to enjoy the culture of a
region in the Philippines is to try the outfits of that culture. It is a good way for you
as the visitor to be one and connect with the local and fully experience the
culture in its full glory. You might also want to try the different dances of each
culture as it is a dance that is rich in history of the Filipino’s.

Image of Banaue Rice Terraces by Maps of Worl Image of Puerto-Princesa underground cave by UNESCO

Image of Lions Head by Harley Palangchao Image of Lang-ay Festival by Jean Cortes Image of Tinikling by Cru
 5. Education

Education in the Philippines was revised in the year 2012 with the implementation
of K to12 curriculum in the country under the former President Benigno Aquino III.
This is to enhance the educational system of the country in order to accelerate
the mutual recognition of Filipino graduates and professionals across the world
according to DepEd.

References:

Airman, C. (2007). Tinikling.

[Link]

Cortes, J. (2019). 15th Lang-ay Festival.

[Link]

Dela Cruz, B. (2020). Baguio’s Kennon Road Lion’s Head gets makeover.
[Link]

Dizon,R., Calbi,J., Cuyos, J., Dr. Miranda, M. (2019). Perspectives on the Implementation
of the K to 12. Program in the Philippines: A Research Review. International Journal of
Innovation and Research in Educational Sciences. 6(6), 2349-5219.
[Link]
S_1638_FINAL.pdf

Mapsofworld. (2020). Banaue Rice Terraces.

[Link]

PanlasangPinoy.(2009). Dinuguan Recipe. [Link]

blood-stew/

PanlasangPinoy.(2010). Papaitan Recipe. [Link]

Themonastery. (2017). Filipino atheist pulling from the Christian missionary playbook.
[Link]
playbook

UNESCO.(2021). Puerto-Princesa Subterranean River National Park.

[Link]
 2. UNIT 8 ASSIGNMENT- REFLECTING ON DIFFERENT BODY LANGUAGES

To understand more the concepts of masculinity and femininity and how some
societies can be categorized as masculine or feminine, watch this video of Geert
Hofstede on masculinity versus
femininity, [Link]
Please share and reflect on experiences of yours with different body languages
depending on people's gender, ethnic origin, and cultural background (up to 1000
words, not characters).
Rubric foci: Clarity and depth of reflection
Conclusion
Writing conventions (references included)

Write your answer here

I have lived in Baguio City for the good part of my life and for one year I had to
transfer school and went to the province, there I realized how vastly different the life in
the province and their perspective on people. First of all, when I went to the province
they believe in the concept of masculinity and for the most part in the city they believe
in the concept of femininity which I had a hard time adjusting to since our views are
different from each other. I am not born in the province so they view me as a newcomer
and they are not the most welcoming people unless you can find a common ground
with them. So, I had to adjust my lifestyle to fit with them and change a lot of things that
I normally do just to be able to fit my classmates. I started going out at night hanging out
with groups I normally would avoid, and I started doing things I never thought of doing
when I was in the city.
My classmates treat women with no respect and I would witness them hit their girls
when they got into an argument. He would spit on her or he would shout things at her
that I deemed could degrade a human being. What is confusing me is that the next day
they come to school together like nothing happened yesterday and it would be like a
normal day, so I realized then that this kind of thing is normal with them and surely, they
must have learned these kinds of behavior from their parents or peers when growing up.
Another thing that is most notably when I was there is that they treat me differently
and I think one of the biggest reasons for this is that I was not from there nor I was born
there. I remember my aunt telling me that when I introduce myself on my first day there,
I need to name this person and tell them that he was one of my relatives and tell them
that I am from this area and my family lives there in the past. At first this bothered me
since I am just going to introduce myself, why would I need to name a relative or tell them
that my family live in this place in the past in my own self introduction and as time goes
on while I was there I learned why this was necessary to say in front of them. This was
because they are somewhat hostile to people that did not come from there especially
those that are in your age bracket. Thanks to my aunt I was able to avoid bullying and
was able to bond with them although I have to do things and learn things I never did.
Favoritism was also prevalent in the area and the people with power would
normally chose people that are either one of them or someone they know. For example,
a teacher will specifically choose the person that they know first, then those that are of
the same ethnic group, then lastly if there is no choice the outsiders. Note here also that
they would first and foremost consider the men before considering the women, which I
found disturbing but it is just the way how the society works. There is an obvious hierarchy
that they follow and the pecking order are set in stone, if they do not follow this hierarchy
they would put themselves in harms way. Another good example for this is in this particular
place where the only people that can put up a business and run a business in that area
was those people that are from that area. Outsiders are not allowed to set up a business
or hired to run a business there, outside products are allowed to be sold there but the
seller must be from that area. Another important observation is that most of those people
that run the business are women since they stay at home while the men will either go into
the fields, or venture out and find jobs elsewhere.
Living there I have also faced various kinds of verbal abuses and challenges that
I had to endure. One of the biggest challenges is that they tend to speak in their native
language and when in class even the teacher explains things in their native tongue,
which makes it harder for me to learn anything since I do not understand anything from
the explanation and I had to rely on the meager number of books in the library. Even
trying to ask the teacher does not help since they would mostly answer that they taught
it in class and I just have not been paying attention, so overtime it seems useless trying to
seek help from them. Since I lived there for a year I have also picked up some of their
language and I could somehow understand at the end what they are trying to say, and
there I realized that for countless times I was being verbally abused and I was just not
aware of it.
In conclusion, When I went there to the province I learned how society can shape
up a person and how those that did not come from that place had to adjust greatly
trying to fit and follow the norm in that society. And people that are or have been living
there for their whole life are now accustomed to this kind of lifestyle and will scorn those
that are not on the same page as them. In the end trying to fit in that environment
exhausted me too much I had to leave the next year otherwise I think I would suffer
mentally. And after coming back to the city again, I have now a broader view of how
different people treat each other in different societies. I learned that subjectivity is a huge
part of a society and if you are an outsider you are going to face and endure countless
challenges and verbal abuses that you will not see those that are from there face or had
to endure.
 3. UNIT 16 ASSIGNMENT- DOING BUSINESS ETIQUETTE AND PROTOCOL
You are looking for some investors for your new project, and there is an excellent
chance to present your ideas. You heard that world-renowned businessman – Mr.
Smith from Great Britain in Europe – is going to visit your city. He is known for his rich
investments all over the world. Therefore, you decide to meet him and check whether
he could also be your investor. Your assistant arranges an appointment. Mr. Smith
agrees to meet you and informs you that he will be accompanied by a person who
knows well the topic you want to talk about – Professor Jones. You are about
to organize this business meeting at your office. You know Mr. Smith will
come together with Professor Jones, so you decide to ask one of your most
experienced employees to join the meeting and share some advice. And you also
have this new guy in your company, he works here only for a month now, but he looks
like he knows what he's doing. You might also need his opinion during this meeting.
And your assistant – no one takes notes as accurately as she does, she also has to be
there. Moreover, there it's time for the meeting. There they come, Mr. Smith looks
exactly like you imagined him, but Professor Jones appears to be a woman. After a
few words of greetings, both guests hand you're their business cards. Then you all shall
sit at the table. After a short, small-talk, you can finally do your business.
Seat your guest at the table. What will be the order of seating? Where should each
person be seated? Use the diagram below to illustrate your answer further. (please
answer up to 1000 – 1500 words, not characters)

Rubric foci: Clarity of explanation

Conclusion
Writing conventions (references included)

Write your answer here

Generally, when trying to strategically planning the seating arrangements

it is important for the host to be the one who is the closest to the screen and the
door and the Clients to be at the back or at the middle away from the screen to
give them the best view on the screen. Signifying a position of power or that of
equality is silently communicated through seating arrangements on the table.
The best way to build good and solid business relationships with a client is to
understand the proper protocol and etiquettes necessary in every situation.
Every seating arrangement must follow the hierarchal rank rather than gender
and there should be no gender discrimination when deciding the seating
arrangements.
 There are some instances where the meeting could take hold in a dining
situation. In this scenario, the seating arrangement could be a bit complicated
however still follow the basic principle of following the hierarchal rank. The host
should seat in a chair where it is easy for him to establish eye contact with the
client. Since there is no screen in a dining area, the host should prepare an
alternative to best represent what he is trying to say. In this case a hard copy of a
document of photos could help. Also, in a business dining setting, the host should
prepare name cards on the seats in order to signify where everyone should sit
and to avoid confusion, it is also important that changing seat with another
person is considered an inappropriate and could lead to the meeting ending in
failure.

In the diagram shown, I would consider the power rankings in the room.
Clearly Mr. Smith and Professor Jones are at the top, then followed by me then
my assistants. Considering that the screen is placed on the left side corner of the
room and the door is in the left side, I would be seating close to that side and
according to the diagram, I would place myself in the center left chair of the
rectangular table because the board is close to me and I am the one presenting
to them. Next is on my right side I would place my most experienced employee
to act as my right-hand man, and on the chair on his/her right side, I would
place the newcomer, since he would act as the assistant of my most
experienced employee. On my left, would be the seat of my assistant that would
act as a secretary for the whole meeting. Besides her would be the seat of
Professor Jones and Mr. Smith would be seating at the Center right of the table
away from the board and the door. Professor Jones is Mr. Smith honored guest so
she would automatically be placed on the right of Mr. Smith which is the main
guest of this meeting and it is important that I sit directly in front of him to where it
is easy for me to maintain eye contact with him and as the host of the meeting I
need to be visible for all the members of the table.

It is also important to note where the location of the door and the where is
the location of the screen is, because as the host it is my responsibility to know
who comes in and who goes out of the room, and the screen should also be the
closest to me since I am going to be the presenter for the whole meeting. Now
my role in this meeting is to convince Mr. Smith to become my investor one
important rule when persuading someone is to maintain eye contact with them.
This shows them that you are confident in what you are presenting and it shows
them that you are being truthful in your words. Another important thing is that I
have the screen close to me so that when I do my presentation to Mr. Smith and
Professor Jones, I would not be wasting time walking across the table to get to
the screen. That is why it is important that my seat is directly in front of Mr. Smith
to make it easier for this eye contact to happen and they can see the screen
where my presentation is at to give them a good visual representation of what I
am trying to present. And placing them at the back gives them the ability to see
me and the screen at the same time which can make it easier for them and for
the host to establish a connection.
 My most experienced employee which is seating on the chair on my right
side will now be able to support me while I am doing my presentation or when I
am trying to answer any questions coming from either Mr. Smith or Professor
Jones. The newcomer is sitting on his right side and will be like the second option
when trying to give his own opinion. Basically, there is a pecking order starting
from the most experienced to the least experienced and they will all be placed
on my right side. On my left side is where my assistant will be sitting and she will
be the secretary of the whole meeting, taking notes of what transpired in that
meeting.

In the end no matter what the setting is for the meeting, It is important to
follow the protocols of seating arrangement and to establish the hierarchy
before deciding who sits where, it is also important that I place myself in a
position where it is easy for me to establish eye contact with the client which in
this case is Mr. Smith, and have his guest sit on his right side. Deciding the seating
arrangement should also be based on this hierarchal rank and not be based on
the gender of the members or participants and there should be no discrimination
in the decision making. So, for example, if Professor Jones holds the highest
power in that meeting, she would be seating at the center chair and Mr. Smith
would be seating at her right. Since the seating arrangement is a way to show
respect to the ranks and power of the members in that meeting.
 4. UNIT 17 ASSIGNMENT- COMPARING BODY LANGUAGE AND GESTURES

Enjoy watching a YouTube video about body language and cultural gaffes beyond
your borders presented by Jody Olsen (available online
at [Link]
Think about body language and gestures that are specific to your cultural society.
Are they different or similar to the examples shown in the video? Can you give an
example of a particular gesture commonly used by people in your environment?
(please answer with up to 1000-1500 words, not characters)
Rubric foci: Compare/contrast explanation
Conclusion
Writing conventions (references included)

Write your answer here

In our cultural society there are a lot of gestures that are used when conversing
with a person. Some of them may have different meaning when used in other
countries but some of them actually have the same purpose in other countries.

1. Nod
- Nodding in the Philippines is generally known as saying yes or agreeing to
something and it is very different from the culture of Bulgaria that was
shown in the video where it means the opposite.
2. Shaking of head left and right
- Shaking your head left and right in the Philippines generally indicates that
you are disagreeing with someone or with their statements and It is also
different from what it means in Bulgaria as what was shown in the video
where it means yes or agreeing to something when used.
3. Middle Finger
- The middle finger in our cultural society is considered as a bad and rude
sign to do and generally professionals never used this sign when talking to
someone. However, this middle finger sign is also used among friends and
can mean different meaning, albeit there are conditions that must be met
before the sign is viewed differently. For example, when using the middle
finger sign to a stranger can mean you are disrespecting that person,
however if it is used among friends it can mean different. Note you must
have a close relationship with that person and the conditions it is used in is
a happy or good mood. When friends gather and joking around and it so
just happens that they are making fun of you, replying with the middle
finger is not considered rude but is taken as a joke or response to their
joke. But generally, it is not a good thing to do especially if you are new to
the area. There are no similarities of this sign in the video but It is
considered in many countries as a sign of disrespect when you or directed
to someone.
4. Crossing of the legs
- Crossing the legs in our cultural society can mean many different things
but it is mostly rude to do it whenever you are talking or conversing with
someone. It is similar to what was shown in the video and it also means
 rude or unsanitary to do especially if you are very close to the person you
are talking to.
5. Thumbs up
- In our cultural society thumbs up means that it is good or accepted. It is
generally used when accepting someone and is not considered rude. This
is very different from what the video shows where it is told that it was an
obscene gesture.
6. Raising of Hand
- Raising of hand in our cultural society is a sign of asking for question or to
ask for permission from someone that has a higher rank or power than
you. When a teacher asks the students if there is a question, students
normally raise their hands to indicate that they have a question to ask. In
many parts of the world raising your hand as a way to ask question or to
ask permission before doing it or asking it.
7. Finger pointing
- Finger pointing is considered very rude in our cultural society, it signifies
that the person you are pointing to is lower than you therefore degrading
them as a person. It is generally advised to not use this gesture when
venturing into our area as it might get you into unnecessary trouble.
8. Handshakes
- Handshakes are seen as a sign of agreement in most countries and it has
also the same meaning in our society. The gesture of handshake is a way
to close a deal with a person especially after the negotiations.
9. Arms Waving
- Arms waving means two things in our cultural society. It can be used as a
gesture of saying hello or it can mean as a gesture of saying goodbye.
This gesture was not mentioned in the video but it is important to know
that depending on the situation it is used it can mean different.
10. Close contact
- Talking to someone in our society must maintain a certain distance with
the other person especially if you are not in any relationship with that
person you are talking with. It can mean that you are invading their
personal space therefore angering them. This is different from what was
shown in the video about Mexico where the person you are talking to is
very close to you and the other person backing up is actually more
common to happen in our society if such were to happen since they are
trying to maintain this distance between each other.
11. Eye contact
- Eye contact in our society and most countries have the same meaning, it
is used to indicate that you are saying the truth and are confident in what
you are saying. It is also a way to make a connection with the person you
are conversing to. However, in Japan, it is considered rude to look
someone in the eyes when talking with them especially when that person
has higher rank than you or has more power than you.
12. Smile
- Smiling in our cultural society means that you are having a good time. This
was not mentioned in the video but it is generally always nice to smile
while talking to somebody.
13. Scowl
- Scowling indicates that you are discontent or frustrated at something and
it is generally considered rude to talk to someone while scowling.
14. Lack of facial expression
- The lack of facial expression signifies in our cultural society that you are
not interested at something. For example, when someone is telling you
something and you don’t care about what he/she was saying, you
generally have a lack of facial expression and just a poker face on.
15. Tone of voice
- Tone of voice is very important when talking to someone in our cultural
society. Raising your tone can indicate that you are angry therefore
making the person your talking to thinks that you are very rude. This was
not mentioned in the video but it is generally accepted that when talking
to someone especially to the elderly to lower you tone in our cultural
society.
16. Putting the elbow on the table when eating
- In our cultural society, putting your elbows on the table when you are
eating is considered rude and should not be done especially when you
are in front of somebody else.
17. Chewing while talking
- Chewing something while talking to a person is considered very rude in
our cultural society and it is advised that you swallow your food first before
talking. This is because when talking while chewing something, some of
the food in your mouth may fly off to the person you are talking to if
he/she is directly in front of you, and it makes it hard for the other person
to understand what you are saying since your mouth is full. It is similar to
what was shown in the video about the custom of the Netherlands which
is considered rude to chew gum while talking to someone.
 5. REFLECTING IACD – MOOC EXPERIENCE

In 5 sentences, explain which learning unit did you enjoy the most.

What learning unit I enjoyed doing the most is the unit 17- COMPARING BODY LANGUAGE AND
GESTURES. I learned a lot of body language and gestures of our country but also from other
countries as well which makes it more interesting to me since I dreamed of being able to travel
on some of these countries. Learning about their culture and their everyday lifestyle is a joy to
do, added to this is that I compare their body languages and gesture to our own body
language and gestures here in the Philippines. Which gives me an idea on what is good or bad,
what is different and how is it different. Among all the units that I did, Unit 17 was the one that
really intrigues me and gives me joy when I was doing it because I was deeply interested on
what I am learning.

In 5 sentences, explain what new knowledge and skills did you acquire from the IACD
MOOC experience.

From the IACD MOOC experience I learned a lot of new knowledge and skills that I can use
going forward. I learned about the history of different countries, I learned about their lifestyle and
most especially I learned about their culture, which gives me a good view on them. This IACD
MOOC experience is a good way for me as a student to experience and learn the different
culture of other countries and compare their culture to our culture that I grow up with and
differentiate what is similar and different in our culture. As a student going forward this has been
a great experience and will help me with my journey as I become a professional someday and
how I will handle individuals with different cultures. This will serve as my guide and will show me
what I need to learn and work hard the most in order to be able to handle different kinds of
situations.
 In 5 sentences, discuss the importance of intercultural awareness and global skills to
your academic discipline.

The importance of intercultural awareness and global skills to my academic discipline is that it
helps me break down the stereotyping which is common when learning about different culture. It
helps me understand more about the different culture of different countries and it helps me build
connect a lot easier and better with their culture. It helps me become more professional and
avoid saying things or doing things that can be deemed inappropriate or rude to others that has
different culture than me. It gives me the awareness that everything is not the same nor it was
equal and it gives me a greater appreciation and respect of the different culture around the
world. It shows me that even with these diverse culture around the world we are able to connect
and work with each other despite our differences not only in culture but also in lifestyle and still
be able to produce results that can help for the betterment of the world or for the people.

Reference:

ERASMUS+ FRIENDS, (2019), "Intercultural Awareness and Cultural Diversity (IACD)-Massive

Open Online Course (MOOC). [Link]

Geert Hofstede Consortium. (2016). Geert Hofstede on Masculinity versus Femininity.

[Link]

Wu, Chris (2011). Cultural Gaffes Beyond Borders.

[Link]